Fig. 5. Круглогубцы (above) and nippers (below)

Pincers and hammer are necessary the complete set крестовых screw-drivers. In motor industry screws with a so-called face head «Torx» are even more often applied. For untwisting of such screws the special set of heads which сходни with usual, but have the various size (are designated by the letter «T», for example, «T40» or «T50») is used. In addition to the capital equipment it is possible to get some more special tools which frequently appear irreplaceable, for example, a shock screw-driver without which hardly probable it will be possible to untwist the screws twirled by machine way by means of a usual crosswise screw-driver, without having damaged them thus. The shock screw-driver can be used and at an inhaling of screws, often happen are necessary круглогубцы (fig. 5), applied at removal of safety lock rings which are very difficult for removing by means of a screw-driver.

Fig. 6. The recommended tool and auxiliaries: 1 — a butterdish; 2 — a hydraulic jack; 3 — an electric portable lamp; 4 — подставные support; 5 — динамометрический a key; 6 — small ножовка; 7 — a wire brush; 8 — a control lamp (12); 9 — a measuring instrument of depth of a profile of tyres; 10 — a manometre for pressure measurement in tyres; 11 — a set measuring щупов

There are two types круглогубцев: the nippers intended for removal of external lock rings, and other type — for removal of internal lock rings. They happen with direct or cut прихватами. To one of the most useful special tools is динамометрический a key 5 (fig. 6) which represents the usual wrench regulated in such a manner that it will slip, if the exposed size of the moment of an inhaling of the screw or a nut is exceeded. The similar key can have an arrow who shows size of the moment of an inhaling.

Than the car model is more modern, especially difficult there is a carrying out of independent repair work. Thus the expensive special equipment used for diagnostics and repair is often necessary. So in certain cases better simply to charge carrying out of repair to the expert at servicing deport of cars (HUNDRED).

In spite of the fact that in the present repair manual speaks, how it is possible to establish various units and mechanisms without use of special tools, all of us urgently recommend to get more often used tools. Some most widespread tools and auxiliaries which constantly are required at independent repair and car service, are shown on fig. 6.

Safety requirements and preventions

At work on service and car repairs it is necessary to observe following recommendations which will allow to avoid traumas and damages:

- Release a workplace from superfluous subjects to reduce probability of that you will stumble about something;

- Before the beginning of works check up serviceability of the tool and adaptations, put in order working clothes: be clasped, fill clothes so that there were no hanging down ends, fill hair under densely fitting headdress;

- At carrying out of any kinds of works the car should be reliably braked;

- Do not make work under the car, standing only on a portable jack, always substitute additional support;

- Do not spend service and car repairs at the working engine, except for separate kinds of the works which technology of carrying out demands engine start-up;

- Do not suppose dangerous approach of hands, parts of clothes, the tool to working приводным to belts, pulleys, etc.;

- Never tighten wheels or nuts if the car is lifted;

- Never open a cover of a broad tank of system of cooling on the hot engine. In that case if it is necessary, put a thick rag round a cover of a broad tank and slightly turn away a cover so that to allow to leave to steam;

- Observe fire prevention rules;

- Do not suppose engine work indoors, not having good ventilation, in order to avoid a poisoning with carbonic oxide;

- Never merge engine oil on the hot engine;

- The fulfilled oils and special liquids are subject to gathering and delivery for processing or in recycling;

- Do not suppose hit of a brake liquid or antifreeze on a paint and varnish covering of the car;

- As a result of functioning of brake mechanisms the dust from brake overlays which is unhealthy is allocated. All works on cleaning of brake mechanisms spend in breath protection frames — respirators;

- Always clean from the earth the oil or greasing rests that on them not to slip;

- At trauma reception always close a plaster open wounds, try not to suppose hit on them a dirt, oils, etc.;

- Removal or installation of heavy units and knots spend together with the assistant;

- Do not suppose presence of children or pets near to the car at carrying out of repair work;

- At repair of system of release of the fulfilled gases wait, while it will not cool down;

- At work with devices with the electric drive, such as a drill or the grinding tool, necessarily put on goggles. Points will not prevent at work under the car bottom;

- Whenever possible try not to work alone under a vehicle;

- Never finish work in haste as it is possible to forget to twirl or easier not up to the end to wrap any nuts.